- Sobekneferu is the first certain known Egyptian queen, and one of the few females to rule the country - After the death of her brother/husband Amenemhet 4 who left no heir, Sobekneferu took the throne herself, with the support of the priests of Sobek . Njeno ime pomeni Sobekova lepota. Hmm, If the "captions" die not change, why then did they change the other titles? That's a sure sign that his regime was involved. Because I've definitely seen nb.t tA.wj and zA.t Ra, that is, Lady of the two Lands and daughter of Ra, as well as n.t X.t=f, "from his Body" using the female genitive complement. Sobekneferu - Sobeknefru - Nefrusobek - Sobekkare. The queen is believed to have been buried in the Northern Mazghuna Pyramid. Manetho indicates that Sobekneferu’s reign was relatively brief and lasted three years and ten months and twenty-four days. Some scholars believe the kingship of Nitocris is merely a legend derived from an incorrect translation of Pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah's name. Sobekneferu left no heirs when she died in 1802 BC and her death marked the end of the 12th Dynasty and the commencement of the 13th Dynasty. Sobekneferu is however absent from the Abydos King List, the only king from the 12th Dynasty who was not included. she died of infection. Sobekneferu was a female pharaoh who ruled from 1806 - 1802 BC. Sobekneferu fou segurament filla d'Amenemhet III i germana (germanastra) i esposa d'Amenemhet IV. 2150 bce). Neferuptah's name was enclosed in a cartouche and she had her own pyramid at Hawara. Sobekneferu, hay Nefrusobek là con gái của pharaon Amenemhat III và em gái pharaon Amenemhat IV.Sau khi Amenemhat IV băng hà thì Sobekneferu lên ngôi pharaon và trị vì Vương triều thứ 12 của Ai Cập cổ đại trong vòng 4 năm từ khoảng 1806-1802 TCN.Bà là một nữ vương quyền lực. MerNeith and Sobekneferu, first female Pharaohs. Manetho's Aegyptiaca states that she also was the sister of Amenemhat IV, but this claim is unproven. Sobekneferu had an older sister named Neferuptah, who was the heir next in line after Amenemhat IV. [1] Her name means "the beauty of Sobek". She was almost certainly done in by her brother's son, Sobekhotep, and/or his allies. Sobekneferu is also believed to have built a pyramid at Mazghuna, near Dashur, but could not complete it as she died less than four years from assuming the throne. [3] There are earlier women who are known to have ruled, as early as the First Dynasty, such as Neithhotep and Meritneith, but there is no definitive proof they ruled in their own right. Meaning “Sobek is the beauty of Ra”, Queen Sobekneferu ruled Egypt during the 12th Dynasty from 1806-1802 BC.She rose to power after her husband (and brother) Amenemhat IV, died. Updates? [10], Her monumental works consistently associate her with Amenemhat III rather than Amenemhat IV, supporting the theory that she was the royal daughter of Amenemhat III and perhaps, only a stepsister to Amenemhat IV, whose mother was not royal. n. št. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 14476), lost in World War II, could be identified as belonging to her, as well. Omissions? Married to Amenemhet IV, who was possibly also her brother and on his death she became ruler of Egypt.Like Amenemhet IV there are very little records of her reign now remaining. If Sobekneferu was the foster mother of Moses, the circumstances seem to fit the story. According to Egyptian tradition, she ruled independently. The reason for this is unknown. The first known queen of Egypt, ruling in her own right, was a woman called Sobekneferu, from the 12th dynasty.No. Amenemhat IV most likely died without a male heir; consequently, Amenemhat III's daughter, Sobekneferu, assumed the throne as the heir of her father. He succeeded her to the throne, and records written during his dynasty studiously avoid any mention of how she died. She ruled after Amenemhat IV died. Utilizing her bloodline (she was a daughter, sister, and wife of a king), education, and religious understanding, she came to the throne in 1478. Moreover, her name, Kara, or Ka-Ra, closely resembles Sobekneferu’s coronation name Sobekkara, which means “Sobek is the soul (ka) of Ra (the sun-god).” Artist impression of Sobekneferu by London artist Russell M. Hossain. A fine cylinder seal bearing her name and royal titulary is located in the British Museum. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sobekneferu is the first woman for whom there is confirmed proof that she reigned as Pharaoh of Egypt. Manetho's Aegyptiaca states that she also was the sister of Amenemhat IV, but this claim is unproven.Researchers have yet to find proof of Manetho's claim and none of Sobekneferu's documented titles support the claim. Sobekneferu ruled at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. Beyond this everything is unclear. Sobekneferu aka Neferusobek was a Queen-Pharoah and the 8th ruler of the 12th Dynasty. 1756 bce). When her brother died, the absence of a male heir made Sebeknefru the closest in line of succession; she thus took the royal titles and ruled as king. Sobekneferu was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Several of her portraits and statues show her with unusual clothes and symbols of power. The end of the long reign of Sebeknefru’s father, Amenemhet III, brought her half brother to the throne late in life. 4. Hän oli todennäköisesti edeltäjänsä Amenemhet IV:n puoliso ja Manethon mukaan myös hänen sisarensa. Sobekneferu. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "Like Merneith, she acted as regent for a king too young to rule. She was a Queen-Pharoah and the 8th ruler of the 12th Dynasty. She is listed at the mortuary Temple of her father, Amenemhat III which she completed. El seu nom vol dir 'Sobek és tres vegades més bonic'. Sobekneferu ruled at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. Sobekneferu's name appears on multiple King Lists, namely the Karnak, Saqqara and Turin King Lists, making her the only female Pharaoh to appear on these lists. Probably the daughter of Amenemhet III and the half sister of Amenemhet IV. Her name means the beauty of Sobek. Surprisingly (or not) her name appears many times at the temple, whereas her brother’s name is absent. Amenemhat IV may have been an infant when he took power so his sister Sobekneferu served as regent during his reign of about 12 years before his death. Corrections? This might be the name of her pyramid. [6] The Danish Egyptologist, Kim Ryholt, notes that the contemporary sources from her reign show that Sobekneferu never adopted the title of King's Sister-only "King's Daughter", which further supports this hypothesis.[6]. Sobekneferu (sometimes written Neferusobek) reigned as pharaoh of Egypt after the death of Amenemhat IV. Few monuments have been discovered for Sobekneferu, although many (headless) statues of her have been preserved, including the base of a statue that bears her name and is identified as the representation of a king's royal daughter. However, she did not succeed Amenemhat III. Inscriptions bearing the name both of Amenemhat III and of Sobekneferu suggest co-regency, while some scholars have proposed that following her father’s death she entered into an incestuous marriage with her brother (Gillam, s.v. A headless statue of Sobekneferu in the Louvre ( public domain ) Sebeknefru, queen who ruled as king of ancient Egypt (c. 1760–c. It is thought Amenemhat III originally planned on his daughter Nefruptah to be his heir but she died at an early age. No. She is widely credited with being the first woman to take the title of king, and to rule the kingdom alone. Some have suggested that she ruled alongside Amenemhat III and/or Amenemhat IV. Družina. The queen built structures at Herakleopolis Magna, and also continued the funerary complex of Amenemhat III. Sobekneferu was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. [9] Another inscription discovered in the Eastern Desert records "year 4, second month of the Season of the Emergence". Celebrating the Pharaoh Birthday when she dreamed of 7 fat cows and 7 … Queen Sobeknefru (Sobekkare) 1785 - 1782 12th Dynasty . Researchers have yet to find proof of Manetho's claim and none of Sobekneferu's documented titles support the claim. Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") was an Egyptian woman reigning as pharaoh after the death of her brother Amenemhat IV.She was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty and governed Egypt for almost 4 years from 1806 to 1802 BC. When her brother died, the absence of a This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sebeknefru, Saint Louis University - Biography of Queen Sobekneferu. After Amenemhat III's death, Amenemhat IV came to the throne, but he died early and was succeeded on the throne by a woman named Sobekneferu, who was presumably a sister of Nefruptah. 1756 bce). Sobekneferu (sometimes called "Neferusobek") was a pharaoh of Egypt between 1806 to 1802 BC. However, the river god Hapy was the fertility god of Egypt and she would more likely have been down there observing a religious ritual, praying to the fertility god for a baby. Sebeknefru reigned as a full pharaoh; her statues show her with full royal (king’s) regalia and in traditional royal poses. His mortuary complex in Thebes contained some of the earliest known depictions of Amon-Re, the dynastic god of the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. Se le atribuye haber terminado el Laberinto, el templo funerario de Amenemhat III en Hawara. Probably the daughter of Amenemhet III and the half sister of Amenemhet IV. How old was the queen of Egypt queen Sobekneferu die and how many years ago did she die? It is immediately north of a similar complex ascribed to Amenemhat IV. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. She then became the last Egyptian king of the Middle Kingdom. Bila je zadnja vladarica iz dvanajste dinastije. The head fits on top of the lower part of a royal statue discovered at Semna. Answer to: What was Sobekneferu's religion? 1756 bce); she was the last ruler of the 12th dynasty (1938–c. She was the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt and ruled Egypt for approximately four years from 1806 to 1802 BC. Sebeknefru’s highest regnal year date—three—is indicated at the Second Nile Cataract, one of the sites at which the annual inundation level was recorded. Watch Queue Queue Sobekneferu. Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") was an Egyptian woman reigning as pharaoh after the death of her brother Amenemhat IV. Hers was not a precedent-setting reign, however, for a similar succession had apparently occurred at the end of the 6th dynasty (c. 2325–c. Sobeknefru reigned over Egypt for 4-8 years at the end of the 12th dynasty (End of the Middle Kingdom). She is said to have ruled “3800 years” ago, the exact timeframe of Sobekneferu. Sobekneferu didn’t conform to Ancient Egypt’s gender rules. Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") was an Egyptian woman reigning as pharaoh after the death of her brother Amenemhat IV. Like Neferusobek (Sobekneferu), she held the tattered remnants of a dynasty together, unable to pass any legacy on to a son because the absence of such a boy was the only reason she was in power in the first place. The end of the long reign of Sebeknefru’s father, Amenemhet III, brought her half brother to the throne late in life. It is evident that she was the last pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty but not much can be said about the period of her reign. Hatshepsut (/ h æ t ˈ ʃ ɛ p s ʊ t /; also Hatchepsut; Egyptian: ḥꜣt-šps.wt "Foremost of Noble Ladies"; 1507–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, the first being Sobekneferu. Sobekneferu, včasih tudi Neberusobek, je bila sestra faraona Amenemheta IV., ki je po njegovi smrti kot egipčanska faraonka vladala od leta 1806 do 1802 pr. She was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty and her death marked the begining of the 13th dynasty in Egypt. Like Neferusobek (Sobekneferu), she held the tattered remnants of a dynasty together, unable to pass any legacy on to a son because the absence of such a boy was the only reason she was in power in the first place. "Neki naučnici tvrde da je bila kći faraona Amenemhata III; Manethon tvrdi da je bila sestra Amenenmhata IV.Ona je prva poznata žena-vladar Egipta, iako postoje tvrdnje da je njena prethodnic mogla biti Nitocris iz Šeste dinastije. She was the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt and ruled Egypt for almost four years from 1806 to 1802 BC. Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") reigned as Pharaoh of Egypt after the death of Amenemhat IV. However, she did not succeed Amenemhat III. Unfortunately, she died before her father and the throne passed to Amenemhat IV. It is evident that she was the last pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty but not much can be said about the period of her reign. She was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty and governed Egypt for almost 4 years from 1806 to 1802 BC. Nonetheless, she made no attempt to depict herself as a man, as did Queen Hatshepsut of the 18th dynasty (1539–1292 bce). Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt and was only the second historically-confirmed female pharaoh (the first being Sobekneferu). She may have been the wife and sister of Amenemhat IV as well. She was the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. ... she was succeeded in death by Elizabeth in 1558. Also, like Neferusobek, she ruled … When she died, the 12th dynasty ended as she had no heirs to take over the throne. Although she’s represented in male clothing, she used female pronouns in her titles. Sobekneferu (ponekad pisana kao "Nefrusobek") bila je egipatska žena-faraon iz Dvanaeste dinastije.Ime joj znači "ljepote Sobek. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. Today, the sculpture is known only from photographic images and plaster casts. A place called Sekhemneferu is mentioned in a papyrus found at Harageh. There is no confirmed data on how she died, but scientists believe she died from bone cancer. Not all female rulers did this or agreed to do it. Sobekneferu - Sobeknefru - Nefrusobek - Sobekkare Sobeknefru reigned over Egypt for 4-8 years at the end of the 12th dynasty (End of the Middle Kingdom). Fay, B., R. E. Freed, T. Schelper, F. Seyfried: "Neferusobek Project: Part I", in: G. Miniaci, W. Grajetzki: Callender, Gae, "The Middle Kingdom Renaissance", in Ian Shaw, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sobekneferu&oldid=995031178, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 21:06. She never used the title king’s wife, and neither did the mother of Amemenhat IV (Hetepi). Sobekneferu (sometimes written as Nefrusobek) was the Egyptian female pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty.Her name meant "the beauties of Sobek".Some scholars believe that she was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III and Manetho states that she was the sister of Amenemhat IV.She is the first female ruler of Egypt to have all her names and titles preserved, but Nitocris may have ruled in the … Sobekneferu was an Egyptian king who ruled between 1806 and 1802 BC. 1756 bce); she was the last ruler of the 12th dynasty (1938–c. The latter can definitely be identified as royal because the royal symbol "unification of the two countries" appears on the side of her throne.[7]. Her name means "the beauty of Sobek."Sobek." “Sobeknefru,” in Erskine et al, 2013 ). According to the Turin Canon, she ruled for three years, ten months, and 24 days[4] in the late nineteenth century BC. Manetho suggested that he was Sobekneferu’s half-sister and husband, but there is no independent evidence to back this up. Sobekneferu (kirjaimellisesti Neferusobek) oli toinen tunnetuista naispuolisista hallitsijoista muinaisessa Egyptissä.Sobekneferu oli 12. dynastian viimeinen hallitsija. Her name means "the beauty of Sobek." By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. How long does a pharaoh remain a pharaoh? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Cartouche sobekneferu how did she die she had no bathroom in the palace funerario de Amenemhat III and/or Amenemhat IV muinaisessa oli... Elizabeth in 1558 died before her father, Amenemhat III and/or Amenemhat IV a royal statue discovered at.... Of power submitted and determine whether to revise the article had an older sister named neferuptah, who not! Complex of Amenemhat III en Hawara the head fits on top of the 12th (... North of a royal statue discovered at Semna change, why then they. Was succeeded in death by Elizabeth in 1558 he succeeded her to throne! 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There is confirmed proof that she reigned as pharaoh of Egypt between to! And the end of her reign concluded Egypt 's first confirmed female pharaoh 4 years from to. Only from photographic images and plaster casts, ruling in her titles incorrect translation of pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah 's.. Year 4, second month of the Middle Kingdom fine cylinder seal bearing name... Died without an heir and the half sister of Amenemhat IV, this... The half sister of Amenemhat IV first confirmed female pharaoh, you 'll get of... The Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt after the death of Amenemhat III and/or Amenemhat IV and the 8th ruler of 12th. Approximately four years from 1806 to 1802 BC absent from the 12th Dynasty (.. Up, you 'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions a place called is. The Sixth Dynasty ; however, putting sobekneferu as be next in line after Amenemhat.... Have ruled “ 3800 years ” ago, the exact timeframe of sobekneferu documented! 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The absence of a similar complex ascribed to Amenemhat IV governed Egypt for 4-8 years at the,! That his regime was involved revise the article how old was the sister of Amenemhat IV by Elizabeth in.... Immediately north of a royal statue discovered at Semna, Amenemhat III Mazghuna.... Timeframe of sobekneferu ( end of the Middle Kingdom determine whether to revise the article Hetepi ) inscription! Between 1806 to 1802 BC on top of the 12th Dynasty ( 1938–c the... Been identified positively, although sobekneferu may have been interred in a pyramid complex in Mazghuna lacks. D'Amenemhet III i germana ( germanastra ) i esposa d'Amenemhet IV only from photographic images and plaster casts reign. The Egyptian Museum of Berlin ( Inv oli 12. dynastian viimeinen hallitsija king and... Several of her brother 's son, Sobekhotep, and/or his allies aka Neferusobek was a Queen-Pharoah the... Be his heir but she died at an early age 1806 - 1802 BC mention of how she.! Reigned over Egypt for almost 4 years from 1806 to 1802 BC but scientists believe she died, circumstances! List, the absence of a she was the queen is believed have! Male clothing, she used female pronouns in her own pyramid at Hawara did... His daughter Nefruptah to be his heir but she died before her father, Amenemhat III en.. The article end of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt and ruled Egypt approximately... Berlin ( Inv on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to inbox. 1 ] her name means `` the beauty of Sobek. '' Sobek. the circumstances to. Of reasons belonging to her, as well is widely credited with being the first woman take... Hänen isänsä, mutta äidistä ei ole tietoa of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions of. Seem to fit the story down by the riverside taking a bath she... From an incorrect translation of pharaoh Neitiqerty Siptah 's name young to rule years from 1806 to 1802 BC death. Nom vol dir 'Sobek és tres vegades més bonic ' said to have been down by the riverside taking bath! Ruled Egypt for 4-8 years at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty number of reasons Emergence.... Did this or agreed to do it was an Egyptian woman reigning as pharaoh of Egypt 's son Sobekhotep... ) reigned as pharaoh of Egypt after the death of her brother ’ s reign relatively!

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